Archive for August, 2006

17th Aug 2006

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Ordering tramadol online cheap, In our privacy ceiling paper, we discuss the inherent liability that comes from having an "architecture of monitoring or control" even if you opt not to use it. You may be compelled to hand over customer information, get sued for vicarious infringement, leak data through simple incompetence, or pass the reins of your company to someone more evil than yourself. You can consider this the privacy equivalent of Kerckhoffs's Criterion: design under the assumption that you will one day monitor and control users to the full extent your software allows, whether you like it or not.

Well, Dan Lockton has a whole web site on architectures of control in design. In fact he has written a dissertation on this subject. Cheap Tramadol Online, More after the flip.

We were discussing this at a recent workshop held at a casino in upstate NY. If you're interested in architectures of control, a casino can give you seizures, ordering tramadol online cheap. And not just from all the blinking lights (my first thought was, "it looks like someone turned a web page into a building.")

This casino had a cell-phone blocker, and of course our conference room would have no wi-fi. Apparently the goal is to attract people to machines and disconnect them from everything else in the world. From the gambling areas you cannot tell if it is day or night. And the way everything was designed to suck people in had all the subtlety of a mousetrap. Ordering tramadol online cheap, Mr. Lockton has a related page on control in urban planning. Check it out; this subject is of ever increasing relevance with the rise of DRM, Real Cheap Tramadol.

Meanwhile, Professor Felten at Freedom to Tinker has a few posts discussing generic architectures of control, which he calls "PRM" versus "DRM." The idea is that DRM is often used for enforcing generic use restrictions rather than stopping any sort of piracy. Examples include forcing your Lexmark printer to reject recycled ink cartridges, or preventing a consumer product from interacting with non-approved perhiperals.

I think that a lot of us agree that the real goal of DRM is not stopping infringement, but enforcing arbitrary usage rules. DRM can prevent you from fast-forwarding through movie previews on a DVD; is that preventing piracy, ordering tramadol online cheap. Tramadol 100mg, No. Is fast-forwarding illegal. No. The DRM simply enforces a usage rule that has no legal or moral basis beyond, "we want you to watch the commercial."

Prof. Ordering tramadol online cheap, Felten predicts that since this is the real goal of DRM, the DRM debate will drift away from copyright issues. Let me quote him:

The new argument for DRM-bolstering laws is that DRM enables price discrimination and platform lock-in, which are almost always good for vendors, and sometimes good for society as a whole. The new arguments have no real connection to copyright enforcement so (I predict) the DRM policy debate will come unmoored from copyright.

Now, Tramadol 50mg, I disagree. In the public eye, copyright protection has provided the only real moral excuse for having DRM at all. The public accepts these things in part because they see it as a measure to stop "bad guys." Without the excuse of stopping something illegal, DRM will no longer be seen as a necessary inconvenience. It will just become an intrusion, ordering tramadol online cheap.

Furthermore, laws like the DMCA have given legal support to DRM because of the "preventing infringement" angle. Sample tramadol online without prescription, People have tried to use the DMCA to protect "PRM" systems with no real relevance to copyright infringement, and these haven't held up in court.

Unless we are so deeply ingrained into a "permission culture" that the public considers it immoral simply to disobey a company, DRM vendors need a "wrong" to right as an excuse.

Also, I'm not a big fan of the term "PRM." It is an obvious extension of "DRM," just replace "digital" with "property." But to put a lock on my stuff and call it "property rights management" sounds pretty dystopic.

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12th Aug 2006

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I don't necessarily agree this is No rx tramadol no prescription, the big one, but I'm glad that someone is at least using the language:


From: EFFector list
Date: August 8, 2006 6:02:41 PM EDT

AOL's Data Valdez Violates Users' Privacy

As recently reported by the blog TechCrunch and now the major media, AOL intentionally released three months of search queries by 658,000 AOL users. Though AOL has removed the data from its site and rightly apologized, the grave damage is already done. The data is available all over the Net, and AOL may have violated its own privacy policy as well as existing federal law. Congress should heed the lessons of this Data Valdez and enhance protections for your privacy.


A close friend of mine was about to get some of this search data from AOL---in fact, she needs it to do research developing privacy-enhancing technologies. Good on AOL to support this kind of research, but their execution was blunderous, no rx tramadol no prescription.

Anyway, this comes just before we present a paper on the economic limits of privacy violation, what we call the "privacy ceiling." Read on for more details.

In an upcoming paper for the ACM 2006 DRM workshop, Lorrie Cranor, Janice Tsai and I propose an interesting concept called a "privacy ceiling." This is an economic limit on privacy violation by companies, owing to the liability of having too much information about (or control over) users. If companies had the foresight, they would recognize this limit and stay beneath it; but then, if companies behaved as described in economics textbooks we wouldn't have Enron or WorldCom either.

Liability can come from various sources, some of which which we discuss in the paper:


  • Vicarious infringement liability. Imagine: you write a music player (like iTunes) that can check the Internet when I place a CD in my computer. No rx tramadol no prescription, You decide to collect this data for market research. Now the RIAA discovers that this data can also identify unauthorized copies. Painkiller Tramadol, Can they compel you to hand over data on user listening habits.

    Your company is liable for vicarious infringement if (1) infringement happens, (2) you benefit from it, and (3) you had the power to do something about it---which I assume includes reporting the infringement. So now you are possibly liable because you have damning information about your users. This also applies to DRM technologies that let you restrict users, no rx tramadol no prescription.

    Note that you can't solve this problem simply by adopting a policy of only keeping the data for 1 month, or being gentle and consumer-friendly with your DRM. The fact is, you have the architecture for monitoring and/or control, and you may not get to choose how you use it.

  • Criminal investigations. In response to the PATRIOT act, librarians purged records of patrons' reading habits. This is a good example of law creating a privacy ceiling. In the aftermath of the AOL disaster, we are left wondering if the government can compel some information based on the more dubious searches, towit "How to kill your wife." I asked a friend of mine, a police officer who specializes in tracking online predators; he doubts that the data provides the PC (probable cause) necessary for this to happen.
  • Liability from customers. No rx tramadol no prescription, If you don't get sued by a double-A, there is always the risk of fines or lawsuits by customers from an actual leak. If you believe the chatter online, AOL could potentially be fined 658 million dollars.
  • Random incompetence. It might just happen that one of your employees dumped private data by mistake. Even if no party is compelling you to drop your private data, there is always the underlying gravity of Murphy's law. This is what befell AOL, Ultram For Narcotic Detox.

    Again observe the difference between architecture and policy, no rx tramadol no prescription. If you don't have the data in the first place, you can't drop it. If you have the data but declare that you will purge it after a month, you better make sure that this is guaranteed to happen. AOL supposedly had a policy of purging much of the data that ended up on that web site.


Okay, so there is a penalty to having too much knowledge or too much control over customers. No rx tramadol no prescription, What should companies do to stay beneath this ceiling. We make three recommendations in the paper, which are a bit counterintuitive. The first one is obvious:


  1. Design an architecture for your business/software that naturally prevents this problem.


    It is much easier for someone to compel you to violate users' privacy if it's just a matter of using capabilities you already have. Mind, you have to convince a judge, not a software engineer, that adding monitoring or control is difficult. But you have a better shot in court if you must drastically alter your product in order to give in to demands, no rx tramadol no prescription.



This one sounds evil, but it has a twisted logic to it:


  1. Assume you will monitor and control to the full extent of your architecture. In fact, don't just assume this, but go to the trouble to monitor or control your users. Prescription Search Tramadol,


    Why. Because in an infringement lawsuit you don't want to appear to be acting in bad faith. It probably matters more if you are runing a P2P network, and are fighting a perception of shadyness. No rx tramadol no prescription, But, if you have the ability to monitor users and refuse to use it, you're giving ammunition to a copyright holder who accuses you of inducement and complicity.

    The design assumption is less controversial: in time you will not be the one deciding your company's privacy policy. You can be forced to change it, or management will change, or someone will screw up. Assume that. But the idea that you should live up to your design assumption, that's a surprise to me.

    But before you send me angry mail, the real message is that you should go back to design principle 1, no rx tramadol no prescription. If you want to protect users, think about the architecture; don't just assume you can take a principled stand not to abuse your own power.


The third principle is really a restatement of the first two, but deserves restating:


  1. Do not attempt to strike a balance.


    Do not bother to design a system or business model that balances user privacy with copyright holder demands. All this does is insert an architecture of monitoring or control, for later abuse. In other words, design an architecture for privacy alone. No rx tramadol no prescription, Anything you put in there, under rule #2, will one day be used to its full extent.

    I have seen many many papers over the years, in watermarking tracks, proposing an end-to-end media distribution system balancing DRM with privacy. Usually, online tramadol, the approach is that watermarks are embedded in music/movies/images by a trusted third party, the marks are kept secret from the copyright holder, and personal information is revealed only under specific circumstances in which infringement is clear. This idea is basically BS. Your trusted third party does not have the legal authority to decide when to reveal information. What will likely happen instead: if a copyright holder feels infringement is happening, the trusted third party will be liable for vicarious infringement, no rx tramadol no prescription.


Here are some other observations on this privacy leak:


  • You cannot simply anonymize data just by replacing IDs with random numbers. Clearly the search queries leak information about the users. The New York Times tracked down one of the users from the content of her searches. Some queries apparently contained social security numbers.

    As far as I know, the only way to keep this data private is to confine it to a secure environment, and if outsiders want to explore trends in the data they can submit limited queries.


  • This privacy leak passes at least the gut test for a "Valdez" event. No rx tramadol no prescription, There are numerous factors which determine how much public outrage a disaster will generate. For privacy disasters, I feel a big factor is the personal nature of the personal information. First consider a company leaking your social security number. Now consider a peeping tom concealing a camera in your bedroom. Both are privacy violations, but in the latter case the violation is felt at a more visceral level. Likewise consider someone reading your personnel records, versus someone reading your medical records, versus someone reading your diary, no rx tramadol no prescription.

    I hypothesize that the big "Valdez" of privacy will involve a privacy violation that is so personal and concrete that it really feels like a punch in the gut. Here's a good rule of thumb: if you have to explain to most laypeople why it's bad, it's too abstract to outrage the public.

    So is this the "big one, Generic tramadol bars, " the disaster that enrages the public and changes the law. I have my doubts. On the one hand, search queries are personal enough to past at least this "gut" test. On the other hand, only people with enough computer experience understand this enough to empathize with victims. Also, there are a few other outrage factors I won't get into here. That is the subject of another post, and future research.

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